Дата изготовления: июнь 2025 года.
Объект исследования - Ветеринарная клиника «Многопрофильный Ветеринарный Центр» (г. Москва).
Целью данной работы являлось изучение методов диагностики, лечения и профилактики зрелой катаракты у собак и кошек в условиях ветеринарной клиники ИП Лисовский Н.Н.
Для достижения данной цели были определены следующие задачи:
- отбор животных для исследования и распределение их по опытным группам;
- проведение диагностических мероприятий и определение схем лечения в опытных группах;
- сравнить эффективность схем лечения данного заболевания.
Введение 3
1 Обзор заболевания 4
1.1 Этиология и патогенез заболевания 4
1.2 Симптоматика 10
1.3 Диагностика 12
1.4 Лечение 19
1.5 Профилактика 23
2 Характеристика предприятия 25
2.1 Организационно-экономическая характеристика 25
2.2 Безопасность жизнедеятельности и охрана труда на предприятии 26
3 Анализ эффективности схем лечения в условиях ветеринарной клиники 29
3.1 Схема исследования 29
3.2 Материалы и методы 30
3.3 Результаты исследования 33
Предложения производству 38
Заключение 39
Библиографический список 41
1. Белкин Б. Л., Малахова Н. А., Масалова А. В., Деркач А. А. Особенности патогенеза, диагностики и лечения катаракты у животных и человека //Вестник ОрелГАУ. – 2022.
2. Зеленевский Н. В. и др. Международная ветеринарная анатомическая номенклатура в России: история и современность //Clio Anatomica. – 2021.
3. Правила по ОТ при работе в операционных блоках от 18.12.2020 N 928н.
4. Правила по ОТ при работе с кровью и другими биологическими жидкостями пациентов от 18.12.2020 N 928н.
5. Предоставление сведений из ЕГРЮЛ/ЕГРИП в электронном виде //Электронный ресурс. – Режим доступа: https://egrul.nalog.ru/index.html.
6. Приказ Минтруда России от 18.12.2020 N 928н "Об утверждении Правил по охране труда в медицинских организациях" (Зарегистрировано в Минюсте России 30.12.2020 N 61956).
7. Приложение к приказу Министерства труда и социальной защиты Российской Федерации от 29 октября 2021 г. N 771н.
8. Смоленская Ю. И., Позябин С. В. Интраоперационная профилактика вторичной катаракты при факоэмульсификации у собак //Ветеринарная патология. – 2020.
9. Спасов А. А., Науменко Л. В., Говорова Ю. А. Основы диабетического катарактогенеза и перспективные пути его фармакологической коррекции //Acta Biomedica Scientifica. – 2021.
10. ТК РФ Статья 214. Обязанности работодателя в области охраны труда.
11. Федеральный закон "О ветеринарии" №4979-1 от 14.05.1993.
12. Чжоу Д., Абасс А., Лопес Б., Элиаси А., Хейс С., Бут С., Мик К. М., Мовчан А., Мовчан Н., Эльшейх А. Снижение плотности фибрилл в кератоконических роговицах //J R Soc Interface. – 2021.
13. Abarca E. M. Normal Cross‐sectional Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit //Feline Diagnostic Imaging. – 2020. – С. 113-127.
14. Adami C. et al. Effect of insulin and fasting regimen on blood glucose concentrations of diabetic dogs during phacoemulsification //Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. – 2020. – Т. 56. – №. 1. – С. 1-6.
15. Ainsbury E. A., Barnard S. G. R. Sensitivity and latency of ionising radiation-induced cataract //Experimental Eye Research. – 2021. – Т. 212. – С. 108772.
16. Andrews A. L. M. M., Kafarnik C., Fischer M. C. Prevalence and outcome of lens capsule disruption in routine canine cataract surgery: A retrospective study of 520 eyes (2012–2019) //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2023.
17. Appelboam H. Canine cataracts //Companion Animal. – 2024.
18. Avdagic E., Phelps P. O. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction as an important cause of epiphora //Disease-a-Month. – 2020. – Т. 66. – №. 10. – С. 101043.
19. Bailey K. G. et al. Pathology in Practice //Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. – 2021. – Т. 259. – №. 1. – С. 41-43.
20. Barber A. L. A. et al. Functional Performance of the Visual System in Dogs and Humans: A Comparative Perspective //Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews. – 2020. – Т. 15.
21. Beckwith-Cohen B., Petersen-Jones S. M. Manifestations of systemic disease in the retina and fundus of cats and dogs //Frontiers in Veterinary Science. – 2024.
22. Bell S. J., Oluonye N., Harding P., Moosajee M. Congenital cataract: a guide to genetic and clinical management //Therapeutic Advances in Rare Disease. – 2020.
23. Berry V. et al. Variants in PAX6, PITX3 and HSF4 causing autosomal dominant congenital cataracts //Eye. – 2022. – Т. 36. – №. 8. – С. 1694-1701.
24. Bolzanni H. et al. Aqueous tear assessment in dogs: impact of cephalic conformation, inter‐test correlations, and test‐retest repeatability //Veterinary ophthalmology. – 2020. – Т. 23. – №. 3. – С. 534-543.
25. Boss C. et al. Preliminary report of postoperative complications of phacoemulsification in Pugs: A multicenter retrospective study of 32 cases //Veterinary ophthalmology. – 2020. – Т. 23. – №. 3. – С. 442-449.
26. Budde J. A., McCluskey D. M. Plumb's veterinary drug handbook. – John Wiley & Sons, 2023.
27. Caruso K. A. et al. Surgical approach to nasolacrimal duct atresia in a German shepherd puppy //Australian Veterinary Practitioner. – 2020. – Т. 50. – №. 2.
28. Chalyshkan B. et al. Investigation of Some Metabolic Enzyme Activities in Samples of Serum and Humor Aqueous of Cataract Cases with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome //Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi. – 2023. – Т. 12. – №. 1. – С. 163-170.
29. Crasta M. et al. A multicenter retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of known and presumed hereditary eye diseases in Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed within a referral population in Italy (2012–2020) //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2022.
30. Demir A. Assessment of eye disorders in brachycephalic cat breeds-a retrospective study of 328 cases (2018-2022) //Veterinarski arhiv. – 2024.
31. Demir A., Düzgün O. Diagnosis, Medical and Operative Treatments of Lens Diseases in Cats and Dogs //Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. – 2021.
32. Foote B. The aging canine eye: what to look for and how to intervene //Todays Vet Pract. – 2022.
33. Iwashita H. et al. A review of diagnostic tests for qualitative and quantitative tear film deficiency in dogs //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2023. – Т. 26. – С. 5-15.
34. Jeong Dajeong. The Effect of Various Ophthalmic Diseases on Corneal Calcareous Degeneration and the Ocular Surface Evaluation of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Dogs: дис. – Seoul National University, 2024.
35. Jiang J. et al. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of carbonic anhydrase 2 in the ciliary body to treat glaucoma //Cell Reports Medicine. – 2024. – Т. 5. – №. 5.
36. Kang M. G. et al. Development of Postoperative Ocular Hypertension After Phacoemulsification for Removal of Cataracts in Dogs //Animals. – 2025.
37. Katherine E. L. Manchip, Ghislaine Sayers, John C. M. Lewis, James W. Carter //South Devon Veterinary Hospital, The Old Cider Works, Abbotskerswell TQ12 5GH, UK. – International Zoo Veterinary Group, Station House, Keighley BD21 4NQ, UK. – Перевод Васильева Е.В. – 2020.
38. Kerdchuchuen K. et al. Comparison of intraocular pressure in healthy brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats using the Icare® TONOVET plus rebound tonometer //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2021. – Т. 24. – №. 5. – С. 484-490.
39. Kovalcuka L., Nikolajenko M. Changes in intraocular pressure, horizontal pupil diameter, and tear production during the use of topical 1 % cyclopentolate in cats and rabbits //Open Veterinary Journal. – 2020. – Т. 10. – №. 1. – С. 59–67.
40. Kucharczyk N. et al. Hereditary cataract in the Bengal cat in Poland //BMC Veterinary Research. – 2020. – Т. 16. – С. 1-10.
41. Leasure J., Gelatt K. N., MacKay E. O. The relationship of cataract maturity to intraocular pressure in dogs //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2001.
42. Liu Z. et al. The Effect of Intracameral Triamcinolone Acetonide on Controlling Common Complications following Phacoemulsification in Dogs //Animals. – 2024.
43. MacFarlane E. R., Donaldson P. J., Grey A. C. UV light and the ocular lens: a review of exposure models and resulting biomolecular changes //Frontiers in Ophthalmology. – 2024. – Т. 4. – С. 1414483.
44. Mellersh C. S. et al. Identification of mutations in HSF4 in dogs of three different breeds with hereditary cataracts //Veterinary ophthalmology. – 2006.
45. Nabi B. et al. Occular manifestation of infectious and noninfestious disease of dogs and cats //Introduction to Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management of Dogs and Cats. – Academic Press, 2024. – С. 289-295.
46. Palmer S., Ramos R. V., Rodriguez Galarza R. M. Clinical comparison of tear film breakup time measurements in normal dogs using three different methods of fluorescein solution administration //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2021.
47. Park J. et al. Prevalence of feline ophthalmic disorders in South Korea: a retrospective study (2009–2021) //Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2023.
48. Park S. A., Oetelaar G., Kim S. Y. Stenting of a partially obstructed nasolacrimal duct using a steerable angle‐tipped hydrophilic guidewire in a cat //Veterinary ophthalmology. – 2023. – Т. 26. – №. 2. – С. 161-168.
49. Padjasek M. et al. Cyclosporine A Delivery Platform for Veterinary Ophthalmology—A New Concept for Advanced Ophthalmology //Biomolecules. – 2022. – Т. 12. – №. 10. – С. 1525.
50. Pasmanter N., Petersen‐Jones S. M. A review of electroretinography waveforms and models and their application in the dog //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2020. – Т. 23. – №. 3. – С. 418-435.
51. Piedra-Mora C. et al. Pathology in Practice //Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. – 2021. – Т. 258. – №. 8. – С. 861-864.
52. Prpich C. Y., Lascelles B. D. X., Davidson M. Eyelids, eye, and orbit //Veterinary Surgical Oncology. – 2022. – С. 541-568.
53. Reynolds B. D. et al. Retrospective assessment of ophthalmic disease development in domestic dogs and cats when hospitalised with tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus //Australian Veterinary Journal. – 2024.
54. Ricci C. L. et al. Comparison of three methodologies for measuring intraocular pressure in healthy cats //Veterinary World. – 2024.
55. Saito A. et al. Punctate fluorescein staining scores in dogs with or without aqueous tear deficiency //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2021.
56. Salzman M. M. et al. Age-associated changes in electroretinography measures in companion dogs //Documenta Ophthalmologica. – 2023. – Т. 147. – №. 1. – С. 15-28.
57. Saraiva I. Q., Delgado E. Congenital ocular malformations in dogs and cats: 123 cases //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2020. – Т. 23. – №. 6. – С. 964-978.
58. Sebbag L. et al. An eye on the Shih Tzu dog: Ophthalmic examination findings and ocular surface diagnostics //Veterinary Ophthalmology. – 2023.
59. Seyer L. D., Wills R. W., Betbeze C. M. Investigation of fluorescein stain–based tear film breakup time test reliability in dogs in a clinical setting //American Journal of Veterinary Research. – 2021. – Т. 82. – №. 12. – С. 1019-1025.
60. Shaffer L. G. Special issue on canine genetics: animal models for human disease and gene therapies, new discoveries for canine inherited diseases, and standards and guidelines for clinical genetic testing for domestic dogs //Human Genetics. – 2019.
61. Shilo-Benjamini Y. A review of ophthalmic local and regional anesthesia in dogs and cats //Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. – 2019.
62. Singh R. et al. Electro-diagnostic evaluation of retina in healthy dogs. – 2022.
63. Singh S. Distichiasis: An update on etiology, treatment and outcomes //Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. – 2022. – Т. 70. – №. 4. – С. 1100-1106.
64. Takanosu M., Kagawa Y. Severe osteogenesis imperfecta caused by CREB3L1 mutation in a cat //Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. – 2022.
65. Thorne C. A. et al. The Synergistic Effects of Polyol Pathway-Induced Oxidative and Osmotic Stress in the Aetiology of Diabetic Cataracts //International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2024. – Т. 25. – №. 16. – С. 9042.
66. Thompson M. Small Animal Medical Differential Diagnosis E-Book: Small Animal Medical Differential Diagnosis E-Book. – Elsevier Health Sciences, 2023.
67. Wilkie D. A., Wyman M. Comparative anatomy and physiology of the mammalian eye //Dermal and ocular toxicology. – CRC press, 2020. – С. 433-491.
68. Williams D. L. Causes and cures for cataracts. – 2020.