💯 Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности [Тема 1-3] [Прикладная информатика] — ответы на тест Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП

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Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности

• Введение в курс
• Тема 1. History of computers (История Компьютеров)
• Тема 2. Information-dependent society (Информационно-зависимое общество)
• Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитие микроэлектроники)
• Итоговая аттестация

Both Newton and Leibniz are credited with being the … of calculus.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• mathematicians
• inventors
• legacies
• breakthroughs

Calculus was a … that allowed for the solution of previously unsolvable problems.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• rivalry
• breakthrough
• feud
• polymath

Electronic gadgets regulate electric … or voltage to carry out different operations.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• currency
• current
• curriculum
• field

Find the best preposition for each English phrase:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. to handle signals ______high frequencies
• B. to describe the flow of electricity __________a vacuum
• C. to help protect ________potential breaches
• D. to keep _________with what’s going on around us
• E. to result ______improved performance and functionality of the integrated circuits
• F. at
• G. through
• H. against
• I. up
• J. in

His machine was called the "calculating clock," and it could add and … six-digit numbers.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

If the system allows us to distantly control temperature, lights, and security in our homes, it is called … .

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In conclusion, logarithmic tables were an important computing tool in the past, and their use helped … complex calculations.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

It … all the data that the computer needs to access in the future, such as the operating system, programs, and files.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Match Russian equivalent to English phrases:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. a square root of 4
• B. divide by 4
• C. multiply by 4
• D. raise to the power of 4
• E. add 4
• F. корень квадратный из четырех
• G. разделить на четыре
• H. умножить на четыре
• I. возвести в степень четырех
• J. прибавить четыре

Match the English phrases below with their Russian translations:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. have properties between those of conductors and insulators.
• B. prone to overheating and had a limited lifespan.
• C. about 5 billionths of a meter for advanced computer chips.
• D. has a vast range of applications in our daily lives, including communication, entertainment, healthcare, and energy
• E. has allowed for the creation of lightweight and convenient devices like smartphones, laptops, and tablets.
• F. имеют свойства, находящиеся между проводниками и изоляторами.
• G. подвержены перегреву и имеют ограниченный срок службы.
• H. около 5 миллиардных долей метра для современных компьютерных микросхем.
• I. имеет широкий спектр применений в нашей повседневной жизни, включая коммуникацию, развлечения, здравоохранение и энергетику.
• J. позволил создавать легкие и удобные устройства, такие как смартфоны, ноутбуки и планшеты.

Match the English sentences with their Russian translations:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. A wide range of games involve creating a character and exploring a virtual world, completing quests, and interacting with other characters.
• B. A large quantity of games typically simulate real-world sports, such as football, basketball, or volleyball.
• C. Many games often involve managing resources and planning strategies to achieve specific goals.
• D. A lot of computer games should be played in moderation, and players should take breaks regularly to avoid eye strain and other health issues
• E. Most games can be a fun way to pass the time, and they also have potential benefits, such as improving cognitive skills and serving as educational tools.
• F. Широкий спектр игр включает в себя создание персонажа и исследование виртуального мира, выполнение заданий и взаимодействие с другими персонажами.
• G. Большое количество игр обычно имитируют спорт реального мира, такие как футбол, баскетбол или волейбол.
• H. Многие игры часто включают управление ресурсами и планирование стратегий для достижения определенных целей.
• I. Многие компьютерные игры следует играть с умеренностью, и игрокам рекомендуется регулярно делать перерывы, чтобы избежать напряжения глаз и других проблем со здоровьем.
• J. Большинство игр могут быть веселым способом провести время, а также имеют потенциальные преимущества, такие как улучшение когнитивных навыков и служение в качестве образовательных инструментов.

Match the first halves of the sentences with their second halves a-d:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Computers have made learning more accessible:
• B. In offices, people use computers to create presentations, documents, and spreadsheets
• C. Computers have made communication much easier:
• D. Computers are very helpful in agriculture:
• E. with the help of the internet, we can access a vast amount of information on any subject we want to learn about.
• F. which has made it easier for them to organize and share information with their colleagues
• G. with the help of computers, we can easily send emails, messages, and make video calls to anyone in the world
• H. with the help of sensors and computer algorithms, farmers can collect data on soil moisture, temperature, and other factors that affect plant growth.

Match the first halves of the sentences with their second halves a-d:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The traditional mask-based laser technology requires
• B. X-ray beams are directly projected onto the semiconductor material, eliminating
• C. Yet, X-ray maskless lithography represents,
• D. In the conventional mask-based laser technology, a mask with preset circuit patterns is used to project laser beams onto a semiconductor material, selectively removing or
• E. expensive and time-consuming masks for each circuit design iteration
• F. the need for physical masks and accelerating photocopying of ICs
• G. technical hardships, necessitating high-energy X-ray sources and precise beam control
• H. changing certain areas on the silicon wafer.

Match the first parts of the sentences with their second part:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Wilhelm Schickard’s machine
• B. Leibniz's machine
• C. Thomas de Colmar’s machine called the Arithmometer,
• D. Willgodt T. Odhner’s machine, called the "Millionaire,"
• E. was called the "calculating clock," and it could add and subtract six-digit numbers.
• F. could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and it was much more reliable than previous machines.
• G. could perform all four basic arithmetic operations, and it was the first commercially successful mechanical calculator.
• H. was the first to use a new kind of mechanical mechanism, which made it faster and more reliable than previous machines.

Match the words to make up collocations:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. improve
• B. track
• C. treat
• D. achieve
• E. take
• F. performance
• G. changes
• H. neurological conditions
• I. goals
• J. online courses

Match translations to the English sentences:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The Engine worked by using gears and cranks to perform the mathematical calculations.
• B. Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of rates of change and accumulation.
• C. Computing machines refer to devices that use mechanical parts to perform calculations or computations.
• D. Машина работала с использованием шестеренок и рычагов для выполнения математических вычислений.
• E. Исчисление — это раздел математики, который занимается изучением скоростей изменения и накопления.
• F. Вычислительные машины относятся к устройствам, которые используют механические части для выполнения вычислений или расчетов.

One of the main advantages of X-ray maskless lithography is that it allows for production of circuits of higher … .

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Put the lines in the dialogue between a processor supplier and a smartphone manufacturer in a chronological order, separate the numbers with 1 gap. Supplier: I apologize for the inconvenience, but we have currently run out of 6-nm micro-chips. However, we do have an alternative option available. We can offer you 2000 micro-chips with a size of 12 nanometers (nm) at half the regular price. Supplier: Hello, this is Winder-Chip Supply Company. How may I assist you today? Supplier: Certainly! We specialize in providing micro-chips for various electronic devices. How many micro-chips are you looking to order? Producer: Hi, this is SmartTech, a smartphone production company. I'm calling to inquire about ordering some micro-chips. Producer: Thank you for the offer, but we are specifically looking for 6-nm microchips for our smartphones. The 6-nm chips provide us with better performance and power efficiency, which aligns with our product's specifications and requirements. Therefore, we cannot consider the 12-nm chips as a suitable substitute. Producer: We are interested in purchasing 1000 micro-chips with a size of 6 nanometers (nm). Do you have them in stock? Supplier: You're welcome! Have a great day as well, and we'll be in touch soon. Goodbye. Producer: We appreciate your efforts, but at the moment, we cannot compromise on the quality and performance of our smartphones. We will wait for the availability of the 6-nm micro-chips. Please let us know as soon as they are back in stock, and we will proceed with our order. Supplier: Certainly, we value your business and understand your need for the specific micro-chips. We will prioritize restocking the 6-nm chips and inform you promptly once they are available. Thank you for considering Micro-Chip Supply Company, and we look forward to serving you in the future. Supplier: I understand your concerns. Unfortunately, due to the high demand for 6-nm micro-chips, our stock has been depleted. We are actively working to restock them, but it may take some time. Is there any flexibility in your requirements, or can we assist you with any other products or services? Producer: Thank you for your understanding and assistance. We'll eagerly await your update on the availability of the 6-nm micro-chips. Have a great day.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 A glucose monitor
• 2 is a device that
• 3 is implanted under
• 4 the skin to
• 5 monitor blood sugar levels

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 A strong password should include
• 2 a combination of not only
• 3 lowercase
• 4 but also
• 5 uppercase letters

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Calculus is used
• 2 in a many fields, from
• 3 physics and engineering
• 4 to economics and finance

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Chips contain
• 2 millions of electronic
• 3 components on
• 4 a single silicon wafer

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Having paved the way for
• 2 the digital machines we
• 3 use today, these early computing machines
• 4 were important for the development of
• 5 modern computers

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 His logarithmic tables were
• 2 published in 1614
• 3 and quickly became
• 4 popular among mathematicians,
• 5 scientists, and engineers

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 In medicine
• 2 BCIs could
• 3 be applied to
• 4 treat neurological conditions such as
• 5 Parkinson's disease and epilepsy

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Modern computer
• 2 science and
• 3 technology have
• 4 transformed the way
• 5 we live, work, and communicate

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The interdisciplinary
• 2 approach has led to
• 3 breakthroughs in areas such
• 4 as artificial intelligence, robotics
• 5 and bioinformatics

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 This data Is
• 2 processed and
• 3 analyzed by
• 4 powerful algorithms
• 5 providing healthcare
• 6 professionals with
• 7 valuable insights.

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Unlike vacuum tubes,
• 2 transistors are
• 3 compact and can be
• 4 integrated onto small silicon chips,

Read a dialogue between two crypto currency miners and answer a question on it: Miner 1: Hey, I'm thinking of upgrading my rig for mining. Any thoughts on which model would be better for mining different coins? Miner 2: Well, the CPU isn't really the key player in mining. It's all about this one. Miner 1: Ah, got it. So, we're talking about the one that handles the heavy calculations? Miner 2: Exactly! The speed of it is crucial for efficient mining. Miner 1: Makes sense. So, which one would you recommend for mining specific coins? Miner 2: It depends on the coin. Some coins require more processing power, while others benefit from higher clock speeds. Miner 1: Interesting. So, we need to find the "right one" for each coin's algorithm. Miner 2: Absolutely. One with higher gigahertz can handle complex calculations faster, resulting in better mining performance. Miner 1: Great! Let's do some research to find the ideal one for each coin we want to mine. Question: What computer component are they discussing?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the dialogue between two game developers and answer the question below: Dev1: Hey, we need to optimize our game. Dev2: Totally! Let's make sure the game runs smoothly on computers with less of it. Dev1: Yeah, let's start by reducing the size of our game files. We can compress textures and audio without losing quality. Gotta fit within those limits! Dev2: Good call. We should also manage it dynamically, so we use it efficiently. Dev1: And we need to be careful not to use too much of it. We want our game to be lightweight and fast. Dev2: Definitely. We can optimize our code and data structures. Efficiency is key. Dev1: Lastly, let's give players options to adjust graphics settings. That way, they can find the right balance for their systems. Dev2: Great idea. Customizable graphics will make sure everyone can play our game without lags or crashes. Question: In this dialogue, what piece of hardware do the developers discuss optimizing their game for?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the text below and fill in the gap in the summary of the text. Here's a sample simplified code snippet in Python used when dealing with exponential growth of money supply. In real-world scenarios, factors like compounding periods and additional contributions or withdrawals would need to be considered for accurate calculations: import math initial_money = 1000 # Initial amount of money interest_rate = 0.05 # Annual interest rate years = 10 # Number of years # Calculate the final money mass after the given number of years final_money = initial_money * math.exp(interest_rate * years) # Calculate the logarithm base 10 of the final money mass log_money = math.log10(final_money) # Print the results print(f"Initial money: ${initial_money}") print(f"Final money after {years} years: ${final_money:.2f}") print(f"Logarithm base 10 of final money: {log_money:.2f}") In summary, using the math.log () function, we calculate the logarithm … 10 of the final money supply.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read what a representative of a chip manufacturer tells us about one aspect of their manufacturing technology and answer the question below. As a chip producer that aims to accomplish higher levels of power efficiency and scalability, we utilize this type of transistors, which employ extremely thin wires as channels. The nanoscale size of the wires allows for better control over the flow of electrons, enabling faster switching speeds and enhanced functionality in electronic devices. This is one of the key cutting edges of our production. Question: What type of transistor do they use in their processors?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz were involved in a bitter … .

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• rivalry
• invention
• breakthrough
• polymath

The … is like the nervous system of a computer.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The … of RAM a computer has can affect its performance.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The abacus was very important in ancient times because it allowed people to do … quickly and accurately.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The user would input the numbers into the machine by turning … , and the machine would then perform the calculation and print the result on paper.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

These programs can be used for a wide range of purposes, such as word processing, gaming, and web ….

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Transistors are called the building … of modern electronics.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

What advantage do field-effect transistors (FETs) have over earlier types of them?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Lower power consumption
• Higher frequency handling capability
• Easier fabrication process
• Better temperature stability

What can we access using electronics?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Huge amounts of information
• Entertainment devices
• Healthcare equipment
• Renewable energy technologies

What do diodes do in an electronic circuit?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Store and release electrical energy
• Restrict the flow of electric current
• Amplify or switch electronic signals
• Let current flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction

What is an example of an implantable computer used in medicine?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Glucose monitor
• Neuralink
• SimCity
• silicon pads

What was one of the limitations of point-contact transistors connected to their fragility?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It was not hard to break them due to their delicacy
• They were Inconsistent in their performance
• They were sensitive to the environment
• They were complex to make

Which application of advanced modern computers in medicine helps improve the efficiency and accuracy of patient care?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Electronic health records (EHRs)
• Medical imaging technologies
• Glucose monitors
• Implantable devices for neurological conditions