💯 Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции [Тема 5-8] [Гражданско-правовой] — ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП

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Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

• Тема 5. English Court. (Английский суд.)
• Тема 6. Starting Action in Court. (Подача иска в суд.)
• Тема 7. Law of Tort. (Деликтное право.)
• Тема 8. Heads of Tort. (Руководители деликтных компаний.)
• Заключение
• Итоговая аттестация

… covers attacks against someone's reputation through the written or spoken word.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is an individual or entity tasked with formulating, modifying, and implementing laws on behalf of the government.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… law states citizens' rights and duties and regulates relationships between different branches of the state.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A … is a legal document that grants someone the authority to act on behalf of another person.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A successful tort claim may result in the award of … to compensate the victim for their losses.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

According to legal theorist Salmond, law is defined as ...

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• A collection of ethical standards
• A framework of rules recognized and enforced by the state
• Traditions that change over time and space
• Norms established by community consensus

Connect the beginnings and endings of each phrase:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Constitutions are …
• B. Administrative regulations are …
• C. International law refers to …
• D. Treaties are …
• E. written laws enacted by legislative bodies.
• F. rules created by government agencies.
• G. laws that govern relations between nations.
• H. agreements between countries.

Connect the countries with their legal systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. United States
• B. France
• C. Saudi Arabia
• D. India
• E. Japan
• F. Common Law
• G. Civil Law
• H. Religious Law
• I. Mixed Legal System
• J. Civil Law influenced by Customary Law

Find a pair to make collocations:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. To adopt
• B. To bring
• C. To honour
• D. To seek
• E. To solve
• F. To carry out
• G. To interpret
• H. To accuse of the
• I. a new law
• J. a civil action
• K. the agreement
• L. legal advice
• M. a problem
• N. a contract
• O. a statute
• P. a crime

In criminal cases, if the police have enough evidence, they can make a formal … against a suspect.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In the criminal courts, cases are brought against a person who has broken the … .

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In tort law, the person responsible for proving the elements of the case is called ...

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The defendant
• The claimant
• The state prosecutor
• The judge

Many countries distinguish between … law and public law.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Many torts are based on … law, which relies on precedents set by previous cases.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Match each legal profession with its description:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Solicitor
• B. Barrister
• C. Notary
• D. Legal Advisor
• E. Legal Consultant
• F. Prepares legal documents and provides legal advice, but typically does not represent clients in court.
• G. Represents clients in court and offers expert legal opinions.
• H. Authenticates documents, witnesses signatures, and notarizes official papers.
• I. Offers general legal guidance to clients and businesses.
• J. Provides specialized legal advice to clients, often within businesses.

Match the halves to make up correct sentences:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. We either settle this dispute now
• B. The convicted defendant either pays a fine
• C. We have received your fax
• D. We object not only to the terms of payment,
• E. Neither weapons
• F. or I go to court.
• G. or goes to prison.
• H. as well as your letter dated 20th of May.
• I. but also to the terms of delivery.
• J. nor drugs have been intercepted.

Match the principles of law with its purposes:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Fairness in legal proceedings
• B. Transparency
• C. Access to legal representation
• D. Enforcement of laws within society
• E. Ensures justice is served without bias or discrimination
• F. Promotes accountability and trust in the legal system
• G. Guarantees that everyone has the means to defend their rights
• H. Maintains order and compliance

Match the terms with their definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Treaty
• B. Claimant
• C. Action
• D. State
• E. An offence
• F. A formal agreement between two or more sovereign states. 
• G. A person or entity that makes a claim, especially in a legal context. 
• H. A legal term referring to a lawsuit or a process of taking legal steps. 
• I. A political entity with a defined territory and government, often involved in international relations. 
• J. An illegal act or violation of a law.

Put the following legal professionals in order from highest to lowest position in the hierarchy:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Judge
• 2 Prosecutor
• 3 Notary public
• 4 Investigator
• 5 Defender
• 6 Paralegal

Put the stages of criminal proceedings in the correct order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Arrest
• 2 Investigation
• 3 Arraignment
• 4 Trial
• 5 Sentencing

Put the steps of a civil action in the correct order

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The claimant files a lawsuit
• 2 The defendant responds to the claim
• 3 Evidence is presented in court
• 4 The court reaches a verdict
• 5 The court may order remedies or compensation

Put the steps of the judicial process in the correct order

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Trial Courts determine the facts of a case
• 2 Each side presents its arguments
• 3 The fact finder decides the case
• 4 The court settles the disputes
• 5 Appellate Courts review the decisions
• 6 Parties may appeal to higher courts

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Carly: So you filed a claim against them after all?  Max: Yes, I had to. It was the only way to get what they owed me. And I couldn't just let it go and not do anything about it.  Carly: Right, but isn't going to court going to be expensive?  Max: It's worth it for what they did to me. Plus, there are legal aid services available if I need help with expenses.  Carly: That's true. But don't you have to prove your claims in order to win the case?  Max: Of course. They have to have merit and be based on solid evidence or proof. Luckily, I have everything organized and ready to present.  Carly: Good for you. Do you think their defense will hold up in court?  Max: Honestly, I'm not too worried about that. Their argument is pretty weak and easily disproven. My lawyer has already pointed out some holes in their defense.  Carly: You hired a lawyer? How much does that cost?  Max: Not nearly as much as I thought it would be. There are different options depending on your financial circumstances. Plus, my lawyer is confident we'll win this case.  Carly: Wow, okay. So how does the jury pick process work?  Max: Well, the judge oversees it and makes sure both sides agree on the jurors selected. The people chosen must listen to all the facts presented before deciding whether the defendant is guilty or not.  Carly: Interesting. What happens after the court proceedings?  Max: Once the trial concludes, the judge gives instructions to the jury and they deliberate the case. Then, when the verdict is announced by the foreperson, the official record of the trial is recorded by the court reporter.  Carly: Got it. So who else is involved besides the judge, lawyers, and jury?  Max: Well, there can also be interpreters for non-English speaking witnesses or defendants. And of course, the parties directly involved in the case - the plaintiff and defendant.  Carly: Hmm, okay. It seems like a complicated process, but hopefully justice will prevail in your case.  Max: Thank you, I'm really hoping so. I just hope the judge and jury see the truth and the wrong that has been done.     Question: Who oversees the jury selection process?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The plaintiff
• The defendant
• The judge

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     John: So, Sarah... When did you decide to become a lawyer?  Sarah: I've always been interested in the legal profession since I was young. My parents were lawyers too.  John: Wow, really? Did they work together or something?  Sarah: No, but they both inspired me to choose this career path.  John: That's cool. I can barely remember when I decided what I wanted to do with my life.  Sarah: It definitely wasn't an overnight decision for me either. It took years of hard work and studying to get where I am now.  John: Yeah, that's why I never pursued law. Too much reading and memorization.  Sarah: It's not just about memorizing laws and statutes. You have to be able to think critically and analyze information from different perspectives.  John: True, true. And how long have you been a practicing attorney?  Sarah: For about five years now. I started as a paralegal before taking the bar exam.  John: That must have been tough. The bar exam is known to be quite challenging.  Sarah: Oh, it definitely was. But it was worth it in the end. What about you? How long have you been working at your law firm?  John: Just a year, but I already feel like I'm learning so much from everyone here.  Sarah: That's great to hear. Law is an ever-changing field, so we never stop learning.  John: Yeah, I love that aspect of it. Always something new to discover.  Sarah: Absolutely. And speaking of learning, I have a case tomorrow morning that I need to prepare for. I should probably head out soon.  John: Of course. Good luck with your case!  Sarah: Thanks. Have a good evening, John!     Question: How long has Sarah been a practicing attorney?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• One year
• Three years
• Five years

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Judge Smith: The defendant, Mark Jones, is accused of robbery with violence and possession of a dangerous weapon. How does he plead?  Mark's Lawyer: Not guilty, your honor. My client had no part in the crime that occurred on the night of May 17th. We have evidence to prove his innocence.  Prosecution Lawyer: Your honor, we have witnesses who saw Mr. Jones at the scene of the crime and DNA evidence linking him to the weapon used.  Judge Smith: Interesting. Let us hear from the witnesses then.  Witness 1: Yes, I saw the defendant wearing a black hoodie and holding a knife as he threatened the victim for her purse.  Witness 2: And I remember seeing him run away from the scene with another person. They both had masks on.  Judge Smith: Thank you for your testimonies. Are there any other pieces of evidence?  Prosecution Lawyer: As mentioned earlier, DNA evidence has been found on the weapon that matches the defendant's.  Mark's Lawyer: Your honor, our client works as a chef and it's possible that his DNA was transferred onto the weapon innocently while working in the kitchen. He had no motive or reason to commit this crime.  Judge Smith: I see. Bailiff, please bring in the forensic report. It appears that the DNA evidence could have been innocently transferred. Therefore, I'm declaring the defendant, Mark Jones, not guilty. This court is adjourned.     Question: What crimes is Mark Jones accused of?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Theft, assault, murder and arson
• Robbery with violence and possession of a dangerous weapon
• Fraud and embezzlement, corruption

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Lila: Have you read the new law passed by Congress last week? It's about regulating environmental pollution.  Mark: No, I haven't. How is it different from the current regulations?  Lila: Well, it gives more power to federal agencies in enforcing and monitoring compliance with environmental laws. And it also imposes stricter penalties for violations.  Mark: That sounds like a good step towards protecting our environment. But what about local laws? Do they have any impact on this issue?  Lila: Yes, definitely. Each state has its own set of environmental laws that are tailored to their specific needs and challenges.  Mark: Right, I remember learning about that in my Environmental Law class. So even if there are national laws in place, local governments can create additional regulations?  Lila: Exactly. They can provide more detailed rules that cater to the particular needs of the community. And these local laws must comply with both state and federal laws.  Mark: Interesting. These different levels of laws can get quite complex.  Lila: Definitely. And it reflects the unique history, culture, values, and political institutions of each sovereign state. That's why we have diverse legal systems around the world.  Mark: Yeah, I never realized how vast and intricate the field of law is.  Lila: It sure is. And keeping up with all the changes and developments is no easy task.  Mark: You're right about that. Thanks for explaining everything to me, Lila. I really appreciate it.  Lila: Anytime, Mark. That's what friends are for!     Question: According to Lila, why do we have diverse legal systems around the world?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Because all countries follow the same legal framework and try to keep their laws the same
• Due to unique history, culture, values, and political institutions of each sovereign state
• Because international law overrides all local laws and authorities have to follow them

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Mike: Hey, Karen! What are you studying now?  Karen: Law. The law of tort to be specific.  Mike: Sounds boring.  Karen: Well, maybe it's not the most thrilling subject, but it's important in understanding legal responsibility for harm caused by one person to another.  Mike: Like, if someone slips and falls on your property and gets injured?  Karen: Yes, that would fall under negligence, a type of tort. It involves proving that someone failed to take reasonable care and caused harm as a result.  Mike: So if I spill coffee all over my neighbor's expensive couch, could they sue me for damages?  Karen: Absolutely. That would be an intentional tort, where someone deliberately causes harm or damage to another person or their property.  Mike: Wow. You really know your stuff.  Karen: Thanks. I find it interesting how complex and varied the laws of tort can be.  Mike: Do you think you'll specialize in this area after law school?  Karen: Maybe. But there are also other areas of law that interest me too, so I'm still keeping my options open.  Mike: Well, whatever you decide, I have no doubt you're going to make a great lawyer. Now let's go grab some lunch before my stomach commits an intentional tort against me.  Karen: Haha, sounds good. Let's go!     Question: How does Karen feel about specializing in tort law after law school?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• She's definitely going to specialize in it
• She's considering it, but also interested in other areas
• She hasn't given it any thought yet

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Samantha: Hey Josh, what are you studying for your law exam?  Josh: Oh, just the usual. Legal ethics and administrative law.  Samantha: Ugh, I hate that stuff. So many rules to remember.  Josh: Tell me about it. And then there's comparative law on top of that.  Samantha: Comparative law? What's that again?  Josh: It's a comparison between different legal systems around the world. Like Chinese law, Islamic law, Jewish law, just to name a few.  Samantha: Wow, that sounds complicated. How do you keep all of that straight?  Josh: Well, thank goodness for my study group. We discuss and quiz each other on different types of laws and their applications.  Samantha: Oh yeah, I remember now. And don't forget about international law.  Josh: Right. That includes laws related to the United Nations, like treaties and human rights issues.  Samantha: Man, being a lawyer is not easy.  Josh: No kidding. But it's also fascinating to see how different societies have developed their own sets of laws.  Samantha: True. And the way those laws intersect with politics, social justice, and even war.  Josh: Exactly. There's so much to learn and explore in the field of law.     Question: According to the conversation, what helps Josh keep track of the different types of laws?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Memorizing rules individually
• Using online legal databases
• Participating in a study group

Read the dialogue and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Tom: John, I just read that there are hundreds of unique systems of law used around the world. It's crazy to think about all the different ways people interpret and enforce laws.  John: Yeah, it's fascinating how different societies can have such distinct legal systems. What did you find most interesting?  Tom: Well, according to this article, legal systems often evolve at two paces – gradual changes in response to societal attitudes, or rapid shifts due to major events like revolutions or conflicts. Can you imagine a complete overhaul of our legal system overnight?  John: It's definitely hard to wrap my head around. And geographical, historical, and political events can also shape a country's legal system.  Tom: Right! Like how in Western countries, Civil Law is the most prevalent type of legal system, tracing its origins back to the Roman Justinian code from the 6th century. But then other countries were influenced by the French Revolution and adopted the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law instead.  John: That's true. I've heard that even some African countries have Civil Law systems based on the Belgian influence during colonization.  Tom: Wow, I had no idea. These systems sound so complex.  John: Yes, they do. And all of them involve a national constitution, legislation, subordinate laws, traditions, and codes of laws. It's pretty impressive how these five elements come together to create a functioning legal system.  Tom: Absolutely. And it makes me appreciate the importance of having well-defined and enforced laws in our society.  John: Definitely. It may seem complicated, but ultimately, the goal is to maintain fairness and justice for everyone.     Question: Which historical event led to the creation of the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The French Revolution
• World War II
• The Industrial Revolution

Read the text below and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Text: Emily is a law student who has just completed a module on the initiation of legal actions in England and Wales. She is particularly interested in understanding the differences between starting a civil action and starting a criminal action. After reviewing her notes, she comes across the following statements regarding the processes involved.     Question: In England and Wales, which document is typically used to initiate a civil action in the High Court or County Court?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Claim Form
• Indictment
• Summons

Read the text below and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Text: James owns a small bakery in a residential neighborhood. One day, he decides to install an outdoor seating area for customers. To create the seating area, he places several tables and chairs on the sidewalk directly outside his shop. However, James does not leave enough space for pedestrians to pass comfortably. A neighbor, Sarah, complains that she has to walk into the street to get around the seating area, which is dangerous, especially with heavy traffic. After a few weeks, Sarah trips over one of the chairs that has been pushed out onto the sidewalk and injures her ankle. She decides to take legal action against James.     Question: What legal principle is primarily at play in Sarah's case when she decides to sue James for her injury?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Trespass to Land – Sarah is suing because James has unlawfully occupied public space with his seating area.
• Negligence (Duty of Care) – Sarah is suing because James failed to ensure the sidewalk was safe for pedestrians.
• Nuisance (Unreasonable Interference) – Sarah is suing because James's seating area unreasonably interferes with her ability to use the sidewalk.

Read the text below and answer the question. There's only one correct answer.     Text: John is preparing for his final exam in his law course. He comes across a scenario where a country is involved in a dispute with another nation regarding trade regulations. He needs to determine which area of law primarily governs this situation.     Question: Which area of law is most relevant to the dispute between the two nations regarding trade regulations?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• National Law
• International Law
• Civil Law

The … found at the scene helped the police solve the mystery quickly.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The … presented strong arguments to support her client's case today.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The concept of "stare decisis" is most closely associated the legal system of ...

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Islamic law
• Civil law
• Common law
• Socialist law

The court that deals with minor criminal cases and some civil matters such as debts is the ...

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Crown Court
• High Court
• County Court
• Magistrates' Court

The term for the sum of money paid to the court to issue proceedings is ...

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Legal fee
• Court fee
• Claim charge
• Issuance cost

Which of the following is NOT typically a matter dealt with in civil courts?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Breach of contract
• Trespass to property
• Murder charges
• Disputes over land

Who played a significant role in shaping legal codes across different nations?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Indigenous practices
• Roman Emperor Justinian
• Feudal lords
• Religious leaders