Контрольная работа 3, вариант 3

Выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям контрольной работы. Полный текст контрольной работы ниже.

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

 Suspension bridges are built over wide navigable rivers and straits because they do not prevent navigation. 2. The newspaper published the article about a brave engine driver who saved the passengers from a bad accident at risk of his own life. 3. After a high-speed monorail railway had been built in Tokyo, the problem of passenger transportation was solved. 4. The new supersonic aircraft that looks like a rocket will cover the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours. 5. The electric equipment that is being installed now has been produced by a Japanese firm.

II.        Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов (to be allowed to; to be able to; to be to; to have to). Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов в английских предложениях и в переводе.

 1. We had to substitute some broken parts of this machine. 2. Parking is not allowed on this side of the street. 3. Steam locomotives were not able to haul very heavy trains at a high speed. 4. At the terminus the driver of the multiple-unit train is to move to the other end of the train. 5. The attention of the railway authorities of all countries has to be focused on the development of high-speed traffic both in passenger and freight service.

III.  Выберите английский эквивалент русского предложения из трёх данных вариантов. Обращайте внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

 1. Ты можешь купить билет заранее.

 a) You could buy a ticket in advance. b) You will have to buy a ticket in advance. c) You may buy a ticket in advance.

2. Анна должна была приехать в 5 часов.

a)  Ann must come at 5. b) Ann was to come at 5. c) Ann should come at 5.

 3. Нам придётся делать пересадку в Москве?

 a)  Shall we have to change trains in Moscow? b) Shall we be able to change trains in Moscow? c) Shall we be allowed to change trains in Moscow?

4. Им разрешили продолжить исследования.

a)  They were allowed to continue their research. b) They were able to continue their research. c) They may continue their research.

5. Поезд не мог уйти со станции, так как линия была занята.

a) The train was not to depart from the station, as the line was busy. b) The train could not depart from the station, as the line was busy. c) The train was not allowed to depart from the station, as the line was busy.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия в разных функциях.

1.The method of controlling the movement of all trains on a line from a central point is called Centralized Traffic Control. 2. A long tunnel was bored through the mountain but laying railway tracks in this tunnel was not planned. 3. As the seats in Metro cars are arranged in rows on both sides of the carriage, the passengers can easily take their seats without causing trouble to other people. 4. The driver has been fined for exceeding the speed limit. 5. He made a lot of money by buying tickets in advance and selling them for twice the price on the day of the train departure.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием -ing.

  1. By 1913 the railway network of Russia consisted of 25 state lines and 13 private lines belonging to different companies. 2. Much attention is paid to planning the rail approaches to the station in order to the departing and arriving trains interfere each other as little as possible. 3. Cement can be transported in steel containers having about 960lb capacity. 4. The cost of operating a railway line depends on the weight of trains, quantity of stops, frequency of traffic and other factors. 5. Having tested the new locomotive, the engineers recommended it for series production.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием -ed.

1. A water-powered engine is an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turns it. 2. The new reclining seats with built-up TV-sets are installed in the modern streamlined carriages. 3. His unexpected arrival upset all my plans. 4. Rudolf Diesel designed an engine, which was one of the remarkable engineering achievements of the 20th century. 5. When first proposed, the project of constructing the Channel Tunnel seemed impracticable.

VII. Перепишите и переведите данные словосочетания, обращая внимание на правила перевода определений, выраженных существительными.

1) the ten car train; 2) the super express railway line; 3) the electric locomotive service life; 4) the freight train weight; 5) an engine cooling system; 6) the automatic ticket inspection; 7) the low-grade cheap fuel; 8) an emergency stopping device; 9) an old marshalling yard reconstruction; 10) the road transport regulations.

VIII. Перепишите предложения, употребив сказуемые, данные в скобах, в отрицательной форме. Полученные предложения переведите.

 1. We (saw) the traffic signal and (stopped) for the red light. 2. While driving a car, you (should speak) on your mobile telephone. 3. This ticket (entitles) you to go by train free of charge. 4. The insurance company (will pay) for repairing the damaged car. 5. Steam-driven trains (are) the most ecologically friendly means of transport. 6. This device can be repaired; you (need) to replace it by a new one. 7. The schedule of this train (has been changed) for the summer period.

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

         As we know, in the diesel engine the power it develops is dependent upon the speed at which the engine revolves and the faster the engine revolves the more power it develops.

         It is known that a locomotive requires its greatest power when starting a train from rest, and so it is necessary to employ some means by which the power of the fast revolving engine can be transmitted to the stationary or slow turning driving wheels.

         Thus, we come up to the transmission system which is the only means through which the power from the engine reaches the driving wheels of the

locomotive. Many systems have been developed but the following three have proved to be the most successful: mechanical, hydraulic and electrical.

         Mechanical transmission was usually employed in low horse power shunters and provided the cheapest and easiest method of obtaining the right power at the right speed. Today it is not used any longer. Hydraulic transmission is known to have some positive features but it has never been as popular and widely used as electrical. As to electrical transmission, it is undoubtedly the best form of transmission for main-line express diesel locomotives. The principal advantage of this system is the fact that traction electric motors are most suitable for train hauling. Usually, with electrical transmission, each wheel axle is put into rotation by its individual traction motor, each of them being connected to one of several electrical generators by means of cables. However, sometimes one traction motor is used to drive several wheel axles.