💯[ОТВЕТЫ] Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции // Итоговый тест + Компетентностный МТИ / МОИ / Синергия // Все верные ответы 2025 г.

💯[ОТВЕТЫ] Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции / Тесты МТИ / МОИ / Синергия 2025 г. Все верные ответы + 100 баллов "Отлично". Вопросы и верные ответы к тесту указаны в файле. После покупки вы сможете скачать файл со всеми ответами. Все вопросы на тест указаны ниже в оглавлении.

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Вопросы

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Text: Sarah is a small business owner who recently faced a dispute with a supplier over a delayed shipment that affected her ability to serve her customers. Unsure of her rights and the best course of action, she considers seeking legal advice.

Question: What are two primary motives for making and enforcing laws that Sarah should understand as she navigates her situation?

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Tom: John, I just read that there are hundreds of unique systems of law used around the world. It's crazy to think about all the different ways people interpret and enforce laws.

John: Yeah, it's fascinating how different societies can have such distinct legal systems. What did you find most interesting?

Tom: Well, according to this article, legal systems often evolve at two paces – gradual changes in response to societal attitudes, or rapid shifts due to major events like revolutions or conflicts. Can you imagine a complete overhaul of our legal system overnight?

John: It's definitely hard to wrap my head around. And geographical, historical, and political events can also shape a country's legal system.

Tom: Right! Like how in Western countries, Civil Law is the most prevalent type of legal system, tracing its origins back to the Roman Justinian code from the 6th century. But then other countries were influenced by the French Revolution and adopted the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law instead.

John: That's true. I've heard that even some African countries have Civil Law systems based on the Belgian influence during colonization.

Tom: Wow, I had no idea. These systems sound so complex.

John: Yes, they do. And all of them involve a national constitution, legislation, subordinate laws, traditions, and codes of laws. It's pretty impressive how these five elements come together to create a functioning legal system.

Tom: Absolutely. And it makes me appreciate the importance of having well-defined and enforced laws in our society.

John: Definitely. It may seem complicated, but ultimately, the goal is to maintain fairness and justice for everyone.

Question: Which historical event led to the creation of the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law?

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Lila: Have you read the new law passed by Congress last week? It's about regulating environmental pollution.

Mark: No, I haven't. How is it different from the current regulations?

Lila: Well, it gives more power to federal agencies in enforcing and monitoring compliance with environmental laws. And it also imposes stricter penalties for violations.

Mark: That sounds like a good step towards protecting our environment. But what about local laws? Do they have any impact on this issue?

Lila: Yes, definitely. Each state has its own set of environmental laws that are tailored to their specific needs and challenges.

Mark: Right, I remember learning about that in my Environmental Law class. So even if there are national laws in place, local governments can create additional regulations?

Lila: Exactly. They can provide more detailed rules that cater to the particular needs of the community. And these local laws must comply with both state and federal laws.

Mark: Interesting. These different levels of laws can get quite complex.

Lila: Definitely. And it reflects the unique history, culture, values, and political institutions of each sovereign state. That's why we have diverse legal systems around the world.

Mark: Yeah, I never realized how vast and intricate the field of law is.

Lila: It sure is. And keeping up with all the changes and developments is no easy task.

Mark: You're right about that. Thanks for explaining everything to me, Lila. I really appreciate it.

Lila: Anytime, Mark. That's what friends are for!

Question: According to Lila, why do we have diverse legal systems around the world?

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Text: Emily is a law student in England who is interested in pursuing a career in the legal profession. She is trying to understand the differences between barristers, solicitors, and judges. Recently, she attended a seminar where different legal professionals spoke about their roles. After the seminar, Emily has a few questions regarding who does what in the legal system.

Question: Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of a barrister in England?

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John: So, Sarah... When did you decide to become a lawyer?

Sarah: I've always been interested in the legal profession since I was young. My parents were lawyers too.

John: Wow, really? Did they work together or something?

Sarah: No, but they both inspired me to choose this career path.

John: That's cool. I can barely remember when I decided what I wanted to do with my life.

Sarah: It definitely wasn't an overnight decision for me either. It took years of hard work and studying to get where I am now.

John: Yeah, that's why I never pursued law. Too much reading and memorization.

Sarah: It's not just about memorizing laws and statutes. You have to be able to think critically and analyze information from different perspectives.

John: True, true. And how long have you been a practicing attorney?

Sarah: For about five years now. I started as a paralegal before taking the bar exam.

John: That must have been tough. The bar exam is known to be quite challenging.

Sarah: Oh, it definitely was. But it was worth it in the end. What about you? How long have you been working at your law firm?

John: Just a year, but I already feel like I'm learning so much from everyone here.

Sarah: That's great to hear. Law is an ever-changing field, so we never stop learning.

John: Yeah, I love that aspect of it. Always something new to discover.

Sarah: Absolutely. And speaking of learning, I have a case tomorrow morning that I need to prepare for. I should probably head out soon.

John: Of course. Good luck with your case!

Sarah: Thanks. Have a good evening, John!

Question: How long has Sarah been a practicing attorney?

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Text: Emily is a law student who has just completed a module on the initiation of legal actions in England and Wales. She is particularly interested in understanding the differences between starting a civil action and starting a criminal action. After reviewing her notes, she comes across the following statements regarding the processes involved.

Question: In England and Wales, which document is typically used to initiate a civil action in the High Court or County Court?

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Text: Emily is a professional photographer who rents a studio space in a busy downtown area. One day, while she is setting up for a photoshoot, a heavy sign from an adjacent building falls and injures her. The sign was not properly secured, and Emily learns that the building owner had received complaints about it being loose but had not taken any action to fix it. Emily decides to file a lawsuit against the building owner for her injuries.

Question: What legal principle is at play in Emily's case when she decides to sue the building owner for her injuries?

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Mike: Hey, Karen! What are you studying now?

Karen: Law. The law of tort to be specific.

Mike: Sounds boring.

Karen: Well, maybe it's not the most thrilling subject, but it's important in understanding legal responsibility for harm caused by one person to another.

Mike: Like, if someone slips and falls on your property and gets injured?

Karen: Yes, that would fall under negligence, a type of tort. It involves proving that someone failed to take reasonable care and caused harm as a result.

Mike: So if I spill coffee all over my neighbor's expensive couch, could they sue me for damages?

Karen: Absolutely. That would be an intentional tort, where someone deliberately causes harm or damage to another person or their property.

Mike: Wow. You really know your stuff.

Karen: Thanks. I find it interesting how complex and varied the laws of tort can be.

Mike: Do you think you'll specialize in this area after law school?

Karen: Maybe. But there are also other areas of law that interest me too, so I'm still keeping my options open.

Mike: Well, whatever you decide, I have no doubt you're going to make a great lawyer. Now let's go grab some lunch before my stomach commits an intentional tort against me.

Karen: Haha, sounds good. Let's go!

Question: How does Karen feel about specializing in tort law after law school?

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Text: James owns a small bakery in a residential neighborhood. One day, he decides to install an outdoor seating area for customers. To create the seating area, he places several tables and chairs on the sidewalk directly outside his shop. However, James does not leave enough space for pedestrians to pass comfortably. A neighbor, Sarah, complains that she has to walk into the street to get around the seating area, which is dangerous, especially with heavy traffic. After a few weeks, Sarah trips over one of the chairs that has been pushed out onto the sidewalk and injures her ankle. She decides to take legal action against James.

Question: What legal principle is primarily at play in Sarah's case when she decides to sue James for her injury?

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Kelly: Wow, that's a lot of information on tort law. Did you understand all of it?

Mark: Honestly, most of it went over my head. I'm still trying to wrap my head around the concept of negligence.

Kelly: I remember studying this in college. Negligence is when someone breaches their duty of care and causes harm to another person, right?

Mark: Yeah, that sounds about right. But there are also certain defenses available in cases of negligence. Like for psychiatric injury or economic loss.

Kelly: Wait, so can anyone sue for those things under the premise of negligence?

Mark: Not necessarily. The courts use a three-step test to determine if there is a duty of care owed by the defendant to the victim.

Kelly: Ah, I see. So basically, the first step is proving that the harm was reasonably foreseeable?

Mark: Exactly. And then the second step looks at the relationship between the two parties - whether it's one of proximity or not.

Kelly: And finally, the third step considers if it would be fair and just to hold the defendant liable for their actions.

Mark: Right. It seems like the case of Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman was a turning point in establishing this threefold test.

Kelly: Yeah, it definitely set a precedent. But I can imagine it must have been challenging determining liability in a complex situation like that.

Mark: Definitely. And with the ever-changing laws and legal systems, it's important to constantly stay informed and educated.

Question: What are some defenses available in cases of negligence?

The primary source of most legal principles is ...

The foundation of the common law system in England took shape in ...

Laws are deemed crucial for society because ...

Match the principles of law with its purposes:

Put the following events in chronological order:

The … presented strong arguments to support her client's case today.

Arrange the criminal justice process in the right order:

Civil law concerns disputes between:

National law includes laws at the national, state, regional, and … levels.

International law regulates relations between … and between private citizens of different countries.

Match the terms with their definitions

Put the following steps in the correct order for a civil lawsuit:

Put the stages of criminal proceedings in the correct order:

Arrange the following areas of law in order from most general to most specific:

In England, the legal profession is divided into two main types. These are:

Barristers are known to be specialists in ...

Which of the following is NOT typically a matter dealt with in civil courts?

Most civil cases are usually considered in ...

Put the steps of the appeal process in the correct order:

In England, most civil claims are filed with the … court.

Put the following steps in the correct order:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tort law?

The main difference between tort law and criminal law is that the ...

In tort law, the person who commits the wrongful act is called the … .

Match the words with their definitions:

An example of a statutory tort is ...

… liability allows for suing the employer of a person who commits a tort during normal employment.

… covers attacks against someone's reputation through the written or spoken word.

Match the terms with their correct descriptions:

Order the steps in the process of filing a tort claim: