Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

полностью ответы на все тесты курса . Экзамен на 96 из 100

… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government

A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one self is … law

There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?

practices governing a broad range of business practices

ТЕСТ 1

… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government

• Constitutions
• Treaties
• Customs

A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one’s self is … law

A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law

Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens

Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):

1. Constitution
2. Statutes
3. Government Regulations
4. Ministerial regulations
5. Ordinances

Civil claims are dealt with by … law

• criminal
• constitutional
• tort

Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:

Hammurabi’s Code contains …

• laws of nature
• the list of judges
• fundamental legal concepts

It is not correct that … are a capacity

• rights

• powers
• immunities
• services

Mercantile Law is …

• a system of law concerned with the punishment of offenders
• a system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community
• an assemblage of customs and practices governing a broad range of business practices

Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage

The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements

• Greeks
• Romans
• Egyptians

The … of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed

The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.

The Courts are to …

• punish
• make procedural rules
• apply the laws of the country

The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …

• law enforcement
• rules of legal procedure
• moral rules

The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered

The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …

• Bible
• Ebla tablets
• Hammurabi’s Code

The system of rules which regulates society is …

The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi

 There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?

• This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and the government. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes
• This is private law as it governs relations between law governs the horizontal relationships among private parties. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes
• This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and a government. The area of law is Constitutional law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes

ТЕСТ 2

… are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just

… is defined as freedom from inner conflict

• I

… values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime

… values are the highest values in a person’s value system

It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values

Match the given expressions with the definitions:

Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred

Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and …

The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics

The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …

morality

Values are frequently regarded as “enduring …” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.

Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations

ТЕСТ 3

… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace

 A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion

Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms

Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:

If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘…’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability

defective

If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law protection

It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law

The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement

The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sells goods to consumers under a sale contract

The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …

The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall

 The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by …

You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product. Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?

ТЕСТ 4

Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability. Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?

Arrange the following consumer acts chronologically:

Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the …

Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices

 Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual marketplace

Consumer Protection within the computer age prevents from the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions

Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer …

Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves

If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop.

Match the words with the synonyms:

Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product

The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States

The “cooling off” period available to consumers who change their minds about goods they've bought from a retailer in Russia takes …

The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is

…

The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies

Network

The earliest Consumer Protection law was …

The Federal Trade … works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements

Commission

The Federal Trade Commission’s mission is to protect consumers and promote …

competition

The Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure

directive

The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … Economic Area

The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection

ТЕСТ 5

… is Statute Law

… law is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations

 … of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed

…, statutes, case law and regulations are issued by government institutions

Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:

It is not correct that laws can come from such sources as …

Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases

Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Precedent is basically …

Religion and language are two examples of … conditions that influence international business

Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory. The term "source of law" may sometimes refer to the sovereign or to the seat of power from which the law derives its validity. Do sources of law vary in legal systems?

 What is the hierarchy of the sources of law? What are the categories of these sources? Choose the correct answer.

The … law theory argues that some rules objectively existing in the nature also are source of law, while legal positivism argues that only the rules made by sovereignty can be the source of law

The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions is … law

The branch of government that has the power to enforce laws in the country is the …

Executive

The concept of crime is considered in … law

The established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting is called

The process or product of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating law by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body is called …

legislation

The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to

 The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process

What is important to note is that the four major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law, … law and religious law

ТЕСТ 6

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of … is the most translated document in the world

Arrange the documents chronologically:

Efforts in the 19th century to prohibit the … and to limit the horrors of war are prime examples to establish human rights

For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by …

Match the following acts with their purposes:

On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the … came into being as an intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of international conflict

Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human …

 Stacy and several Black friends went to a café after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the café, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the café staff violate the group's human rights?

Advise the café staff

• The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same

manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Otherwise, it is a racial discrimination that is defined as any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin

• The café staff didn’t violate the group’s human rights. It’s the café staff’s decision and they can choose who might stay in the café. So, it was right. No racial discrimination observed
• The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same

manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Anyway, it is not a racial discrimination

The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death are called … rights

human

The belief that all human beings possess rights and freedoms, simply because they are human, was spread…

• in the aftermath of the Second World War
• in the aftermath of the First World War
• after the French Revolution

The Charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies, including the General

…, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and in relation to human rights, an Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Assembly

The first English Bill of Rights contained such rights as … (choose 2 correct answers)

• free elections
• freedom of thought
• freedom of choice
• freedom of speech

The first English Bill of Rights was established in …

• 1669
• 1679
• 1689
• 1699

The Great Charter was so important because it laid out the principle that everybody, …, was subject to the law

• including royalty
• excluding royalty
• excluding nobles