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The suspension system contains springs that move up and down to absorb bumps and vibrations. Shock absorbers control, or dampen, the sudden loading and unloading of suspension springs to reduce wheel bounce and the shock transferred from the road wheels to the body. One shock absorber is installed at each wheel.

Modern shock absorbers have a telescoping design and use oil, gas, and air, or a combinations to absorb energy.

Luxury sedans generally have a soft suspension for comfortable riding. Sports cars, off-road vehicles have firmer suspensions to improve cornering ability and control over rough terrain.

Older automobiles were equipped with one-piece front axles attached to the frame. Front wheels on modern cars roll independently of each other on half-shafts instead of a common axle. Each wheel has its own axle and suspension supports, so the shock of one wheel hitting a bump is not transferred across a common axle to the other wheel or the rest of the car. Many rear-axle suspensions for automobiles and heavier vehicles use rigid axles with coil or leaf springs. However, advanced passenger cars, luxury sedans, and sports cars feature independent rear-wheel suspension systems.

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