Define what Part of Speech the words with –ing in the end belong...

11. Define what Part of Speech the words with –ing in the end belong to
a) Participle b) Gerund c) Verbal Noun
1. The unlicensed personnel, that is ratings, should assist senior officers in carrying с out the ship's safety program.
2. Smoking в on the weather decks, especially on a tanker, is strictly prohibited under many circumstances.
3. Crewmembers are required to wear clothing appropriate to the work in which they are engaged.
4. Open manholes and gratings must be roped off.
5. The use of gasoline, benzine or other volatile liquids for cleaning clothing is prohibited.